Actualization of the Problem of Solitude in 19th and 20th-century Philosophy

The vast majority of current scientific research devoted to the phenomenon solitude is performed within framework psychology, sociology, and literary criticism. However, these inquiries deal with specific manifestations multidimensional solitude, eliminating its nature fundamental philosophical anthropological essence, which hidden behind secondary layers empirics. task this investigation consider among representatives world’s thought modern times, in whose teachings it has received fullest expression, particular existentialism, philosophy life, phenomenology, psychodynamic theory, including K. Jaspers, N. Berdyaev, M. Buber, Heidegger, E. Levinas. Despite noticeable outburst engagement mid 19th – 20th centuries, interest did not disappear, as evidenced by works designed bridge gap identified predecessors. differences views on impact personality, well moment when a person encounters their thinkers have something common they all necessarily through lens Other (be individual or whole society) recognize necessary condition for both true knowledge things self-knowledge. Regarding discrepancies may be caused “terminological chaos” that still prevails considering issue. terms “seclusion”, “alienation”, “isolation”, “loneliness”, actually “solitude” are used denote various phenomenon, often without distinguishing them; classifications built descriptive definitions. lack clarity should overcome related but different concepts developing unified approach relationship between essence concept lexical expressions. Such clarification achieved article identifying commonalities indicating philosophers, who were most interested assigning an important place own explorations.